Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman, known to all as C.V. Raman, is one of India’s most respected scientists. His life story is inspiring because it shows how curiosity and dedication can change the world of science. This PDF Book Summary explains his early life, education, research journey, and the discovery that made him a Nobel laureate.

Early Life and Education

C.V. Raman was born on 7 November 1888 in Tiruchirapalli, Tamil Nadu. His father worked as a teacher of physics and mathematics, so Raman grew up in an environment that encouraged learning. From a very young age, he enjoyed reading books and exploring new ideas. Because of his strong interest in studies, he always performed well in school.

Later, he joined Presidency College in Madras (Chennai). During his college days, he spent most of his time learning science. Instead of outdoor activities, he preferred studying research papers in the library. By the age of 18, he completed his M.A. in Physics with the highest marks in the university. This strong academic base helped him throughout his life.

Early Career and Challenges

After finishing his studies, Raman joined the Indian Finance Department as a government officer. Although the job offered financial security, his heart always remained with scientific research. Therefore, after office hours, he regularly visited the Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science (IACS) in Kolkata. There, he carried out experiments using very simple instruments.

Because he worked late at night and continued learning every day, his research gained attention in India and abroad. Soon, he started publishing papers in international journals. His early research was mainly in the fields of acoustics, vibrations, and musical instruments. Gradually, he was offered the Palit Professor of Physics position at the University of Calcutta, which allowed him to focus on science full-time.

Discovery of the Raman Effect

While travelling by sea, Raman often wondered why the ocean looks blue. This simple yet deep question led him to study how light behaves when it passes through different substances. After conducting many experiments, he finally discovered a new phenomenon on 28 February 1928. This discovery is now known as the Raman Effect.

In simple words, the Raman Effect explains how the colour or wavelength of light changes when it interacts with molecules. Because of this discovery, Raman opened a new path in optical physics. The Raman Effect is used today in chemical testing, medical research, forensic science, and space research.

Due to this groundbreaking work, Sir C.V. Raman won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1930. Not only was he the first Indian, but he was also the first Asian to receive this honour in the field of science. Since then, India celebrates National Science Day on 28 February every year to honour this achievement.

Contribution to Indian Science

Apart from the Raman Effect, he contributed significantly to many branches of physics. He studied crystals, minerals, sound waves, and the science behind Indian musical instruments such as the tabla and mridangam. Because of his interest in Indian culture, he always tried to understand the science hidden in traditional instruments and natural materials.

In 1933, he became the first Indian director of the Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru. Later, he established the Raman Research Institute (RRI) in Bengaluru. Even today, the institute is a major centre for advanced scientific studies.

He strongly believed that Indian students should think independently and ask questions. As a result, he encouraged young minds to experiment, observe, and learn from nature. His guidance helped shape many future scientists of India.

Personality and Work Style

Raman was known for his sharp observation skills. He could take a small everyday incident and turn it into an important scientific question. Although he worked with basic tools, he produced world-class scientific results. Because of his confidence and clarity, he always spoke fearlessly about scientific ideas.

He often said, “The essence of science is independent thinking and hard work, not equipment.” His life perfectly reflects this belief.

Awards and Honours

Throughout his life, Raman received several awards and recognitions, including:

• Nobel Prize in Physics (1930)

• Bharat Ratna (1954)

• Lenin Peace Prize

• Fellowship of many international science academies

These honours show how widely his work was appreciated.

Final Years and Legacy

Sir C.V. Raman continued working even in his old age. He stayed active in research, writing, and discussions until his last days. He passed away on 21 November 1970, leaving behind a powerful legacy for Indian science.

Today, students across the world read about his life and feel inspired by his dedication. Schools and institutions celebrate National Science Day every year to remember his contributions and to promote scientific thinking.